Overview of the Venus PCM

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Welcome to the overview page of the Venus Planetary Climate Model

The Venus PCM (Planetary Climate Model)

In a nutshell the Venus PCM is a suite of models combining the Venus physics package and a dynamical core which may be LMDZ (the historical lon-lat grid), DYNAMICO (a more recent icosahedral dynamical core) or WRF (limited area dynamical core).

Getting started

The traditional Venus PCM - LMDZ (formerly know as the IPSL Venus GCM) is the most commonly used version. For a first try at installing running the Venus PCM we recommend you start from the Quick Install and Run Venus PCM page. You will also most likely be interested in all the pages tagged as "Venus-Model" or "Venus-LMDZ" in the Categories section.

POULDP Venus

A POULDP meeting, for Point Organisé et Utile LMDZ Dynamico Planéto (apologies to non-French speakers), is organized between the developers to discuss the development of the model and plan improvements.

To subscribe to the POULDP mailing list (and/or browse through past messages): https://groupes.renater.fr/sympa/info/pouldp_venus

Bibliography

Some recent reference articles:

2026

  • Martinez, A., H. Karyu, A. Brecht, G. Gilli, S. Lebonnois, T. Kuroda, A. Stolzenbach, F. González-Galindo, S. Bougher, and H. Fujiwara, Comparison of General Circulation Models of the Venus upper atmosphere, Icarus, 447, 116901 (2026). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116901
  • Martinez, A., G. Gilli, A. Stolzenbach, T. Navarro, F. Lefèvre, S. Lebonnois, and N. Streel, New Insight on the Global Dynamics in the "Transition Region" of Venus Atmosphere (80─130 km) With a 3D Model, Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), 131, e2025JE009313 (2026). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009313

2025

  • Lai, D., T. Li, S. Lebonnois, and M. Lefèvre, Stationary wave dynamics in Venus's upper clouds: Morphology and forcing from Akatsuki/LIR and Venus planetary climate model analyses, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 704, A286 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557330
  • Lefèvre, M., S. Lebonnois, A. Spiga, and F. Forget, The Effect of Near-Surface Winds on Surface Temperature and Dust Transport on Venus, Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), 130, e2025JE009133 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009133
  • Egan, J. V., W. Feng, A. D. Jame, J. Manners, D. R. Marsh, S. Lebonnois, F. Lefèvre, A. Stolzenbach, and J. M. C. Plane, Is OSSO a Significant Contributor to the Unknown UV Absorber in Venus' Atmosphere?, Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2024GL113090 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113090
  • Cohen, M., J. Holmes, S. Lewis, M. Patel, and S. Lebonnois, Three Worlds in One: Venus as a Natural Laboratory for the Effect of Rotation Period on Atmospheric Circulation, The Astrophysical Journal, 980, L11 (2025). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/adade9

2024

  • Martinez, A., J.-Y. Chaufray, S. Lebonnois, F. Gonzàlez-Galindo, F. Lefèvre, and G. Gilli, Three-dimensional Venusian ionosphere model, Icarus, 415, 116035 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2024.116035
  • Lai, D., S. Lebonnois, and T. Li, Planetary-Scale Wave Activity in Venus Cloud Layer Simulated by the Venus PCM, Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), 129, e2023JE008253 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JE008253
  • Lefèvre, M., F. Lefèvre, E. Marcq, A. Määttänen, A. Stolzenbach, and N. Streel, Impact of the Turbulent Vertical Mixing on Chemical and Cloud Species in the Venus Cloud Layer, Geophysical Research Letters, 51, e2024GL108771 (2024). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108771

2023

  • Stolzenbach, A.; Lefèvre, F.; Lebonnois, S. and Määttänen, A., Three-dimensional modeling of Venus photochemistry and clouds, Icarus, vol.395, pp.115447 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2023.115447
  • Martinez, A.; Lebonnois, S.; Millour, E.; Pierron, T.; Moisan, E.; Gilli, G. and Lefèvre, F., Exploring the variability of the venusian thermosphere with the IPSL Venus GCM, Icarus, vol.389, pp.115272 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2022.115272

2022

2021

  • Navarro, T.; Gilli, G.; Schubert, G.; Lebonnois, S.; Lefèvre, F. and Quirino, D., Venus' upper atmosphere revealed by a GCM: I. Structure and variability of the circulation, Icarus, vol.366, pp.114400 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114400
  • Gilli, G.; Navarro, T.; Lebonnois, S.; Quirino, D.; Silva, V.; Stolzenbach, A.; Lefèvre, F. and Schubert, G., Venus upper atmosphere revealed by a GCM: II. Model validation with temperature and density measurements, Icarus, vol.366, pp.114432 (2021). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2021.114432

2020

2018

  • Lebonnois, S.; Schubert, G.; Forget, F. and Spiga, A., Planetary boundary layer and slope winds on Venus, Icarus, vol.314, pp.149 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.06.006
  • Garate-Lopez, I. and Lebonnois, S., Latitudinal variation of clouds' structure responsible for Venus' cold collar, Icarus, vol.314, pp.1 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.05.011
  • Navarro, T.; Schubert, G. and Lebonnois, S., Atmospheric mountain wave generation on Venus and its influence on the solid planet's rotation rate, Nature Geoscience, vol.11, pp.487 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0157-x
  • Navarro, T.; Schubert, G. and Lebonnois, S., Author Correction: Atmospheric mountain wave generation on Venus and its influence on the solid planet's rotation rate, Nature Geoscience, vol.11, pp.965 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0257-7
  • Lefèvre, M.; Lebonnois, S. and Spiga, A., Three-Dimensional Turbulence-Resolving Modeling of the Venusian Cloud Layer and Induced Gravity Waves: Inclusion of Complete Radiative Transfer and Wind Shear, Journal of Geophysical Research (Planets), vol.123, pp.2773 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005679
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